research & summaries discussion question and need the explanation and answer to help me learn.
Question designers need to avoid specific wording problems. For example, they should avoid leading questions or double-barreled questions. What do you think about it? Elaborate with sample questions and possible answers. (Refer Chapter-11)
Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories (which require supporting citations), along with two scholarly peer-reviewed references in support of your answer. Keep in mind that these scholarly references can be found in the Saudi Digital Library by conducting an advanced search specific to scholarly references.
Be sure to support your statements with logic and argument, citing all sources referenced. Post your initial response early and check back often to continue the discussion. Be sure to respond to your peers’ posts as well.
Answer all questions posted by your fellow students as well as your professor. These post replies need to be substantial and constructive in nature. They should add to the content of the post and evaluate/analyze that post’s answer.
APA style
Requirements: 500-550
11-111-1Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.STAGE 3: MEASUREMENT QUESTIONSChapter 11
11-211-2Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Learning Objectives12-2Understand…The role of a preliminary analysis plan in developing measurement questions. The critical decisions involved in selecting an appropriate measurement scale for a measurement question. The characteristics and use of various questions based on the categories of scales: rating, ranking, sorting, and other scales.The factors that influence a specific measurement question.
11-311-3Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Relationship of Questions to ScalesMeasurement QuestionMeasurement ScaleData Level
11-411-4Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design in the Research Process
11-511-5Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design: Phase 1
11-611-6Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design: Phase 1
11-711-7Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design: Phase 1
11-811-8Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Communication ApproachComputerPhonePersonal InterviewMail/Fax/Courier
11-911-9Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design: Phase 1
11-1011-10Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Structure IssuesUnstructuredStructuredObjective of the StudyQuestion StructureLevel of Thought on TopicCommunication EaseMotivation to ShareParticipant’s Level of Information
11-1111-11Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Factors AffectingConcealment of Purpose & SponsorDisguised QuestionsUndisguised QuestionsPurpose ConcealmentSponsor ConcealmentWillingly Shared, Conscious-levelKnowable, limited-conscious-levelSubconscious-levelTypes of informationReluctantly shared, conscious-levelDisguised QuestionsUndisguised Questions
11-1211-12Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design: Phase 1
11-1311-13Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design: Phase 1
11-1411-14Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Summary of Scales by Data Levels
11-1511-15Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Measurement Questions: Select the Scales
11-1611-16Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Factors Affecting Measurement Scale SelectionResearch objectivesResponse typesNumber of dimensionsBalanced or unbalancedNumber of scale pointsForced or unforcedchoicesRater errors12-16
11-1711-17Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Research ObjectivesUse participants as judges Measure characteristics of participants
11-1811-18Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Response TypesRating QuestionsRanking QuestionsCategorization QuestionsSorting Questions12-18
11-1911-19Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Number of DimensionsUnidimensionalMultidimensional
11-2011-20Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Balanced or UnbalancedVery badBadNeither good nor badGoodVery goodPoorFairGoodVery goodExcellentHow good an actress is Emma Stone?12-20
11-2111-21Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.How good an actress is Emma Stone?Forced or Unforced ChoicesVery badBadNeither good nor badGoodVery goodVery badBadNeither good nor badGoodVery goodNo opinionDon’t know12-21
11-2211-22Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Number of Scale PointsVery badBadNeither good nor badGoodVery goodVery badSomewhat badA little badNeither good nor badA little goodSomewhat goodVery good12-22How good an actress is Emma Stone?
11-2311-23Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Reduce Rater ErrorsError of central tendencyError of leniencyError of Strictness12-23•Adjust strength of descriptive adjectives•Space intermediate descriptive phrases farther apart•Provide smaller differences in meaning between terms near the ends of the scale•Use more scale points
11-2411-24Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Primacy EffectRecency EffectReverse order of alternatives periodically or randomly12-24Reduce Rater Errors
11-2511-25Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Reduce Rater ErrorsHalo Effect•Rate one trait at a time•Reveal one trait per page•Reverse anchors periodically12-25
11-2611-26Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.DisengagerSelf-DelutionistFactors Affecting Participant HonestyUnconscious Decision MakerIgnoramusSyndromePleaserPeacockGamer
11-2711-27Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Factors Affecting Participant Honesty
11-2811-28Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Nature of AttitudesCognitiveI think oatmeal is healthierthan corn flakes for breakfast.AffectiveBehavioralI hate corn flakes.I intend to eat more oatmealfor breakfast.12-28
11-2911-29Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Predicting Behavior from AttitudesReference groupsMultiple measuresFactorsStrongSpecificBasisDirect12-29
11-3011-30Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Response Types12-30Rating questionsRanking QuestionsCategorization QuestionsSorting Questions
11-3111-31Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Simple Category Question12-31I plan to purchase a laptop computer in the next 12 months.YesNo
11-3211-32Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Multiple-Choice, Single-Response Question12-32What newspaper do you read most often for financial news?East City GazetteWest City TribuneRegional newspaperNational newspaperOther (specify:_________)
11-3311-33Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Multiple-Choice, Multiple-Response Question12-33Check any of the sources you consulted when designing your new home.Online planning servicesMagazinesIndependent contractor/builderDesignerArchitectOther (specify:_______)
11-3411-34Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Likert Scale-based Question12-34The Internet is superior to traditional libraries for comprehensive searches.Strongly DisagreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor DisagreeAgreeStrongly Agree
11-3511-35Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.How to perform a Likert Item AnalysisCalculate a mean score per statementTest mean scores for statistical significanceRank order statements by tvalueSelect 20-25 statements with highest tvalueCollect StatementsSelect Participant Stand-insTest Statements with Stand-insAdd Participant Stand-in’s Total ScoreArray Scores from Highest to Lowest
11-3611-36Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.How to perform a Likert Item Analysis
11-3711-37Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Evaluating a Scale Statement by Item Analysis
11-3811-38Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Semantic Differential-based Question12-38
11-3911-39Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.How to Construct an SD QuestionActivityCreate Scoring SystemOrder the Bipolar PairsSelect the variableIdentify nouns, noun phrases, adjectives, visual stimuli that represent the variableSelect bipolar pairs, phrase pairs, or visual pairs (3 for each dimension)EvaluationPotencyNo pairs for one dimension togetherHalf: Positive leftHalf: Positive right
11-4011-40Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.How to Construct an SD Scale
11-4111-41Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Adapting SD ScalesConvenience of Reaching the Store from Your LocationNearby___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:DistantShort time required to reach store___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Long time required to reach storeDifficult drive___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Easy DriveDifficult to find parking place___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Easy to find parking placeConvenient to other stores I shop___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Inconvenient to other stores I shopProducts offeredWide selection of differentkinds of products___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Limited selection of differentkinds of productsFully stocked___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:UnderstockedUndependable products___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Dependable productsHigh quality___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Low qualityNumerous brands___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Few brandsUnknown brands___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___: ___:Well-known brands12-41
11-4211-42Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.SD Scale for Analyzing Industry Association Candidates12-42
11-4311-43Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Graphic Representation of SD Analysis12-43
11-4411-44Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Numerical Rating Question12-44
11-4511-45Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Multiple Rating List Question12-45“Please indicate the importance of each service characteristic:”IMPORTANT UNIMPORTANTFast, reliable repair7 6 5 4 3 2 1Service at my location7 6 5 4 3 2 1Maintenance by manufacturer7 6 5 4 3 2 1Knowledgeable technicians7 6 5 4 3 2 1Notification of upgrades7 6 5 4 3 2 1Service contract after warranty7 6 5 4 3 2 1
11-4611-46Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Stapel Scale-based Question12-46
11-4711-47Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Constant-Sum Question12-47
11-4811-48Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Verbal Graphic Rating Question12-48
11-4911-49Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Visual Graphic Rating Question12-49
11-5011-50Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Characteristics of Scale Types
11-5111-51Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Response TypesRating questionsRanking QuestionsCategorization QuestionsSorting Questions12-51
11-5211-52Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Ranking QuestionsPaired-comparisonForced rankingComparative12-52
11-5311-53Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Paired-Comparison Question12-53
11-5411-54Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Paired Comparison Response Patterns
11-5511-55Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Forced Ranking Question12-55
11-5611-56Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Comparative Questions12-56
11-5711-57Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Ideal Scalogram PatternItemParticipant Score2413XXXX4__XXX3____XX2______X1________0* X = agree; __ = disagree.12-57
11-5811-58Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Response TypesRating questionsRanking QuestionsCategorization QuestionsSorting Questions12-58
11-5911-59Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Response TypesRating questionsRanking QuestionsCategorization QuestionsSorting Questions12-59
11-6011-60Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Sorting QuestionsSelect descriptors>60<120Between 7-11Structured sortUnstructured SortCreate cards, shuffleSort cards into pilesArrange PilesLeft = most favorableRight = least favorable
11-6111-61Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Find or Craft Measurement QuestionsQuestion CoverageQuestion wordingQuestion Frame of ReferenceResponse Alternatives
11-6211-62Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Find or Craft Measurement QuestionsQuestion CoverageQuestion wordingQuestion Frame of ReferenceResponse AlternativesLeading questionsDouble-barreled questionsUnsupported assumptionsShared vocabularyPersonalization
11-6311-63Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Find or Craft Measurement QuestionsQuestion CoverageQuestion wordingQuestion Frame of ReferenceResponse AlternativesBehavior time frameBehavior cycleBehavior frequencyRoleMemory Decay
11-6411-64Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Find or Craft Measurement QuestionsQuestion CoverageQuestion wordingQuestion Frame of ReferenceResponse AlternativesRecency EffectPrimacy EffectCentral Tendency90% of responsesUnstructuredStructured
11-6511-65Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Summary of Issues Related to Measurement Questions
11-6611-66Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Summary of Issues Related to Measurement Questions (cont.)
11-6711-67Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Summary of Issues Related to Measurement Questions (cont.)
11-6811-68Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Instrument Design: Phase 1
11-6911-69Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Pretest Measurement QuestionsInappropriate Rating scalesQuestions that need instructionsParticipant SurrogatesUnanswerable questionsDifficult-to-answer QuestionsResearch ColleaguesQuestions that need operational definitionsQuestions missing frame of reference
11-70Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Key TermsAcquiescence biasAttitudeAttitude scalingBalanced rating scaleBehavior time frameBehavior cycleBehavior frequencyCategorizationChecklistComparative scaleConstant-sum scale scaleCumulative scaleDichotomous questionDisguised questionDouble-barreled questionDummy tableError of central tendencyError of leniencyError of strictnessForced-choice rating scaleForced ranking scaleGraphic rating scale12-70
11-71Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Key TermsHalo effect (error)Hypothetical constructLeading questionLikert scaleMeasurement instrumentMeasurement questionMeasurement scaleMemory scaleMultidimensional scaleMultiple-choice, multiple-response scaleMultiple-choice, single-response scaleMultiple choice questionMultiple rating list scaleNumerical scalePaired-comparison scalePretestingPreliminary analysis planPrimacy effectQ-sortRanking scale12-71
11-72Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Key TermsRating scaleRating questionRecency effectScalingScalogram analysisSemantic differentialSimple category scale SortingStapel scaleSummated rating scaleStructured responseStructured questionSummated rating scaleUnbalanced rating scaleUnforced-choice rating scale Unidimensional scaleUnstructured responseUnstructured questionUnsupported assumption questionVisual graphic rating scale12-72
